Acknowledgments 
 Introduction 
 I. Moving beyond National History 
 II. Imagined Geographies/Geographical Imaginaries 
 III. Unpacking Area Studies and the Importance of Scale 
 IV. Islamization 
 V. Sinicization 
 VI. The Chapters 

 Part I: Writings

 Chapter 1: Writing a Decentered World Regional History 
 I. Historiographical Trends in World Regional History Analysis
 II. Between China and India: An Essential Southeast Asia? 
 III. European Exceptionalism? 
 IV. East Asia Regionalism and the Framing of World Region 
 V. European Imaginaries on an East-Southeast Asia Region 
 Conclusion 

 Part II: Imaginaries

 Chapter 2: An Indian Imaginary 
 I. Indian Civilizational Influences in the India-China Interzone 
 II. Deeper Patterns from Prehistory 
 III. The Indian Trade and Civilizational Transfer 
 IV. The Archaeological Record from the India-China Interzone 
 Conclusion 

 Chapter 3: Arab Geographic Imaginaries 
 I. Arab Trade and Islamic Conversion 
 II. Arab/Muslim Geographies of Asia 
 III. Arab Navigational Primacy 
 IV. Ninth-Century Arab Merchant Accounts as Translated by Renaudot 
 Conclusion 

 Chapter 4: Geographic Imaginaries from the Chinese Tradition 
 I. The China-Centered Tribute Trade System Explained 
 II. Chinese Monks to India and the Making of an India Imaginary 
 III. Song China Appraised 
 IV. A Song Dynasty World Imaginary 
 V. A Chinese South Seas Priority under the Mongol-Yuan Dynasty? 
 VI. The Early Ming-Era Voyages of the Muslim Admiral Zheng He 
 VII. Chinese Maritime Prowess and Cartographic Empowerment 
 Conclusion 

 Chapter 5: Japanese Geographic Imaginaries: The Tokugawa Invention of a Japan-Centered International Order
 I. Japan’s Tribute Trade with China and the Korea Connection 
 II. Accommodating the Nanbanjin 
 III. Accommodating Other Asians 
 IV. Japanese Geographic Imaginaries 
 Conclusion 

 Chapter 6: Geographic Imaginaries of an Austral Land 
 I. European Discovery Narratives 
 II. Manuel Godinho de Erédia’s Australia 
 III. Portuguese-Dutch Navigations 
 IV. The Macassan Connection 
 V. A Chinese Imaginary of Australia 
 Conclusion 

 Part III: Evidence

 Chapter 7: Connecting Up the Dots on Global Port Cities 
 I. Port Cities of the Middle East–Indian Ocean Circuit: The Greco-Roman World of Seafaring 
 II. Islamic World Ports
 III. Southeast Asian Circuits 
 IV. The South China and East China Sea Circuits
 Conclusion 

 Chapter 8: The Evidence from Marine Archaeology 
 I. Ceramic Trade as a Proxy for Early Trade Activity and the Rise  
  and Fall of Port Cities 
 II. Key Marine Archaeology Sites across the Indian Ocean 
 III. Early Modern Trade Polities in East-Southeast Asia: The Evidence from European Shipwrecks 
 Conclusion 

 Part IV: Examples/Alternative Realms

 Chapter 9: The Ryukyu Trade Networks Revisited 
 I. Precious Documents: The Rekidai Hoan 
 II. Ming China and the Ryukyu Tribute Trade 
 III. The Ryukyu-Korea Trade 
 IV. The Ryukyu–Southeast Asian Trade 
 V. Dual Subordination: Between the Qing and the Tokugawa Bakufu 
 Conclusion 

 Chapter 10: Configuring Macau on the World Map 
 I. Portuguese Macau Exceptionalism 
 II. Early Jesuit Mapping of Ming China 
 III. The Jesuit Astronomical Project in Macau 
 IV. Macau Mapped According to European Conventions/Macau and Pacific Ocean Exploration 
 V. Macau in the Chinese Xylographic/Cartographic Tradition 
 Conclusion 
 
Afterword 
 I. Alternative Realms 
 II. The Rise and Fall of the Thirteenth-Century World System 
 III. Autonomist or Borderless Histories? 
 References 
 Index