Frontmatter

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

LIST OF DOCUMENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I. THE IMPACT OF GEOLOGY, RELIEF AND CLIMATE ON THE HISTORIC DESTINY OF THE MALAY PENINSULA

 A. Geological History

 B. The Great Relief Zones

 C. The Climate

CHAPTER II. THE MALAY PENINSULA: OBSTACLE OR SOURCE OF CONTACTS AND PROFIT AMONG THE ASIAN CIVILIZATIONS?

 A. The Peoples of the Malay Peninsula

 B. The Malay Peninsula as Obstacle

 C. The Peninsula as Source of Contacts and Profits

CHAPTER III. CONTACTS BETWEEN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT AND THE MALAY PENINSULA BEFORE INDIANIZATION

 A. New Definitions of Indianization

 B. Inter-Regional Contacts in Southeast Asia in the Early Period

 C. Contacts between India and Southeast Asia in the Early Period

CHAPTER IV. THE FIRST ACCOUNTS OF INDIANIZATION IN THE MALAY PENINSULA: FROM THE FIRST CENTURIES OF THE ERA TO THE END OF THE 4TH CENTURY

CHAPTER V. PANPAN, FROM THE 5TH TO THE 8TH CENTURY: HISTORY AND BRAHMANICAL RELIGIOUS REMAINS

 A. Historic References to Panpan in the Asian Context

 B. Brahmanical Religious Remains

CHAPTER VI. PANPAN, FROM THE 5TH TO THE 8TH CENTURY: BUDDHIST RELIGIOUS REMAINS

 A. Images of Traditional Buddhism

 B. Mahāyāna Images

 C. Votive Tablets

 D. Votive STŪPAS

CHAPTER VII. LANGKASUKA: FROM THE 5TH TO THE END OF THE 8TH CENTURY

 A. Langkasuka in the Ancient Texts

 B. On the Site of Langkasuka: Remains Linked to Religious Rites

 C. On the Site of Langkasuka: Remains from Commercial Activity

CHAPTER VIII. JIECHA (SOUTH KEDAH): FROM THE 5TH TO THE END OF THE 8TH CENTURY. CHITU: AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 7TH CENTURY

JIECHA (SOUTH KEDAH)

 A. South Kedah in the Early Texts

 B. The Possible Geography and Economy of South Kedah in the Early Period

 C. The First Archaeological Vestiges of South Kedah

 CHITU

CHAPTER IX. ŚRĪVIJAYA AND THE MALAY PENINSULA: FROM THE END OF THE 7TH TO THE 8TH CENTURY

 A. Śrīvijaya: Myth or Reality?

 B. Śrīvijaya's Hold over the Peninsula: Literary and Epigraphical Indications (7th to 8th Centuries)

 C. Towards a Reappraisal of Śrīvijaya's Hold over the Malay Peninsula

CHAPTER X. THE TURN OF THE 9TH CENTURY IN THE MALAY PENINSULA: THE ASIAN POLITICAL CONTEXT AND THE ENTREPÔT PORTS

 A. The Political Context of Asia in the 9th Century

 B. The Entrepôt Ports of the 9th Century

CHAPTER XI. THE TURN OF THE 9th CENTURY IN THE MALAY PENINSULA: RELIGIOUS REMAINS

 A. Architectural Remains

 Panpan

 Langkasuka

 B. Sculptural Remains

 Panpan

 The Southern part of Panpan

 Langkasuka

 The region of Takua Pa

 The caves of the Trang Region

 Two caves in Perlis (Malaysia)

 The cave of Gua Berhala in Kelantan (Malaysia)

 South Kedah

 Perak

 Vicinity of Pulau Ketam near Klang (Selangor, Malaysia)

CHAPTER XII. THE SITUATION IN THE MALAY PENINSULA IN THE 10th AND 11th CENTURIES: THE APPEARANCE OF TAMBRALINGA

 A. The Politico-Commercial Asian Context in the 10th and 11th Centuries

 B. Archaeological Remains that Bear Witness to the 10th and 11th Centuries in the Malay Peninsula

CHAPTER XIII. THE COMMERCIAL BOOM IN THE MALAY PENINSULA IN THE 12th AND 13th CENTURIES: IN TAMBRALINGA

 A. The Asian Political Context in the 12th and 13th Centuries

 B. Tambralinga in the 12th Century

 C. Tambralinga from the End of the 12th to the Beginning of the 13th Century

CHAPTER XIV. THE COMMERCIAL BOOM IN THE MALAY PENINSULA IN THE 12th AND 13th CENTURIES: IN JIECHA (SOUTH KEDAH)

 A. The Entrepots Port Sites

 B. The Architectural Remains

 C. Archaeological Discoveries

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CHRONOLOGY

INDEX

DOCUMENTS

FIGURES